Septic tanks need to be pumped out when the sludge layer exceeds 24 inches in depth or when the bottom of the scum layer is less than 3 inches above the Page 2 lower end of the submerged outlet. If you cannot locate the submerged outlet, clean the tank if the scum layer is more than 12 inches thick.
- The following is an excerpt from What Scum Sludge Thickness = Pump Needed. “Generally at a two year interval for septic tank pumping service the average septic tank in these size ranges will have a 400 mm scum layer with about a 200 mm sludge layer.
How thick should the crust be in a septic tank?
Normal sludge depth is one to four inches. If greater, or if less than 10 inches of water above the top of the sludge exists, check with a service contractor about a pump out. If there is a solid, thick (over one inch) crust on the top, it should be pumped out with the rest of the tank contents.
How thick is the scum layer in a septic tank?
“Generally at a two year interval for septic tank pumping service the average septic tank in these size ranges will have a 400 mm scum layer with about a 200 mm sludge layer. With an average depth of 1600 mm, the solids content is about 600 mm thereby reducing the settling time by nearly 40%.
How thick should scum layer be?
A scum layer should be present, although depending on practices within the home or facility it may be a thin zone of an inch or less, or could be thicker. Items to evaluate are discussed below. 1.
How much sludge is normal in a septic tank?
A septic tank should always be “filled” to its normal liquid level, or the bottom of the outlet pipe which carries effluent to the absorption area. This normal liquid level is usually between 8” to 12” from the top of the tank on average (see picture at right).
How do I check my septic tank sludge level?
To measure the sludge layer:
- Slowly lower the tube into the septic tank until it touches the bottom of the tank.
- As the device is slowly pulled out of the water, the check valve closes capturing a liquid/solid profile of the septic tank water. The thickness of the sludge layer can be measured.
What is the top layer in a septic tank?
Scum – The top layer of the septic system is made up of scum. This comes from things like soap byproducts and cooking oils which go to the top of the wastewater tank. Sludge – The bottom layer of your septic system is made up of a material called sludge.
How do I remove sludge from my septic tank?
How to Reduce Sludge in a Septic Tank Without Pumping
- Install an aeration system with diffused air in your septic tank.
- Break up any compacted sludge.
- Add a bio-activator or microbe blend.
- Maintain the aeration system.
- Add additional Microbes as required.
What happens to scum in septic tank?
The floating scum layer and settled sludge layer accumulate in the septic tank until the tank is pumped / emptied by the septic pumping contractor. In turn, the septic pumping company then hauls the septage to an approved disposal site, most-often to a waste treatment plant.
How do you break down the sludge in a septic tank?
Here are a few things you can do to help you break down the solid waste in your septic tank:
- Active Yeast. Add ¼ to ½ cup of active dry yeast to your toilet bowl and flush it down your toilet.
- Rotten Tomatoes.
- Hydrogen Peroxide.
- Inorganic Acids.
- Chemicals.
- Pumping.
How do you measure a scum layer on a septic tank?
To measure how thick the scum lies in your tank, you need to grab your handy scum measuring stick. Measure where the stick meets the opening of the septic tank and then lower the stick until it sits on top of the scum layer and mark that point.
What are the signs that septic tank is full?
Here are some of the most common warning signs that you have a full septic tank:
- Your Drains Are Taking Forever.
- Standing Water Over Your Septic Tank.
- Bad Smells Coming From Your Yard.
- You Hear Gurgling Water.
- You Have A Sewage Backup.
- How often should you empty your septic tank?
How often does a 1000 gallon septic tank need to be pumped?
For example, a 1,000 gallon septic tank, which is used by two people, should be pumped every 5.9 years. If there are eight people using a 1,000-gallon septic tank, it should be pumped every year.
How to Measure Septic Tank Floating Scum Thickness
- Post a QUESTION or COMMENTabout how, when, where, and why to measure the thickness of the scum layer in a septic tank in the comments section. what the thickness of the tank signifies in terms of tank condition the requirement for pumping
InspectAPedia does not allow any form of conflict of interest. The sponsors, goods, and services described on this website are not affiliated with us in any way. Measurement of the thickness of the floating scum layer in a septic tank: A septic tank condition assessment tool and technique are described in this paper, which may be used to determine the thickness of the floating scum layer in a septic tank as an assistance in assessing whether or not the septic tank should be pumped and thoroughly cleaned.
Pumping and checking your septic tank is an important part of septic tank maintenance and septic system maintenance, regardless of whether you have a traditional septic tank and drain field or soakaway bed, an above ground septic system, or even a sewage holding tank.
Use the SEARCH BOX to discover the information you’re looking for quickly.
How to Measure theScum layer thickness in a septic tank:How to measure the thickness of the floating scum layer in a septic tank
When the septic tank is pumped, measurements of the scum layer and the sludge layer provide information on the system’s condition and effectiveness. The steps in this approach are designed after the steps in the classes that are required to get a Massachusetts Title 5 Septic Inspectors License. Other governments and agencies, on the other hand, describe a method that is comparable. Some septic companies have constructed their own versions of the equipment detailed below, which they transport to the pumpout work.
The septic tank drawing at the top of the page is courtesy of Carson Dunlop Associates.
This information allows the home owner to know whether the septic tank is in good condition.
- When the septic tank is being pumped, and how often it is being pumped Whether or whether there is proof that the septic fields have been harmed as a result of the failure to pump the tank in a timely manner
Keep an eye out for these potential safety hazards while measuring septic tank scum and sludge levels: Using the technique outlined below, you may assess the thickness of settled sludge in a septic tank as well as the thickness of the floating scum layer in a tank by opening the tank and probing it with a little probe. This procedure is hazardous because it involves the possibility of exposure to methane gas as well as the possibility of falling into a septic tank. The technique should be carried out by a septic contractor who is certified in its execution.
In order to avoid contaminating your assistance with septage, use gloves when handling the septic probe and be mindful of where you’re swinging the pole around so that you don’t spill septage all over him or her (never work alone on septic systems).
If the equipment is to be kept for future use, it should be thoroughly cleaned after each usage. Some septic companies transport their poles in a large, plastic-lined box that is then placed back on the truck after they are finished.
How to Make the septic tank probe for measuring scumsludge layer thickness
An example of the type of septic tank scum and sludge measuring instrument displayed here is one that is used by a septic contractor to probe the thickness of the tank scum and sludge layers in the tank. A board measuring 6×6″ to 6×8″ is connected to the end of a pole of (about) 8 feet in length. Poly piping in the size of 2″ is ideal for this application since it is easy to clean up after. A basic door hinge is fastened to the end of the pipe as well as to the flapper board to complete the installation.
(See the graphic above for further information.) In addition, seeTUBE for MEASURING SCUMSLUDGEfor a tool that can measure the thickness of both scum and sludge with a single instrument.
- Open the access port to the septic tank. If the tank is a single compartment septic tank (as seen on the left by the USDA sketch), this examination should be performed at the tank outlet end since it is at this point that the danger of discharge into the absorption system is the greatest. Some tanks, on the other hand, have a ready access port just on the inlet side – which is less preferable, but you may look there as well. You should be aware that if your tank has two compartments, solids, floating scum and settled sludge are building at the entrance area of the tank, which should be avoided. Sludge and scum will not be discovered in time to avoid septic system damage if the inspection is performed at the final septic tank outflow end. Such tanks may be equipped with a center inspection port, which allows for tank access at the outflow of the sludge/scum holding compartment when the tank is in the middle of the tank. In two-compartment septic tanks, here is where the testing should take place. Insert the septic tank measurement instrument as follows: Probe with the flapper pole into the scum layer at the opening septic tank access port until you feel an output baffle or a hygienic tee, then close the access hole. As a result, the pole has been positioned so that the board will extend beneath the baffle and be able to feel the bottom of it. Make a mark on the pole (chalk or pencil would do) to indicate where you want to go. Using anything easily accessible, such as the top of an access port, we may line up the mark and use it as a standard reference point for the subsequent measurements. In order to feel resistance from the bottom of a floating scum layer, pull the flapper pole up a little bit. Mark the pole once more, this time using the same reference point as previously specified
- Distance between the scum and the baffle bottom: With the distance between the two markings, we can calculate the distance between the bottom of the scum layer and the (lower) bottom of the exit baffle. This indicates that the tank has to be emptied if the bottom of the scum layer is less than 3 inches above the bottom of the baffle. Distance between the scum and the baffle top: If, upon visual inspection, the top of the floating scum layer in the septic tank is within 1 inch of the top of the outflow baffle, the septic tank will also require pumping
- Otherwise, the septic tank will not require pumping.
A protocol for measuring sludgescum is described in Septic Tank/Soil-Absorption Systems: How to OperateMaintain-, Equipment Tips, published by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).
What is The floating scum layer in a septic tank
It is possible that oil and grease will accumulate in the floating scum layer of a septic tank and eventually clog the leach field, which is a component of the septic system. When it comes to septic effluent treatment in the soil absorption system, oil and grease are particularly damaging because they inhibit aerobic treatment. As a result, if the scum layer has developed to the point that it is threatening to force grease and oil out of the tank, we should consider cleaning the septic tank. When the floating scum layer has built to the point that it has reached 3 inches below the bottom of the exit baffle or tee, the septic tank should be flushed.
WHEN TO PUMP – 3 Rules on How thick can the septic tank sludge and scum layer be before septic tank cleaning is needed?
“What Scum Sludge Thickness = Pump Required” is the title of the book that contains the following passage. At a two-year period, the average septic tank in this size range will have a 400-mm scum layer with around 200-mm sludge layer, according to the American Septic Tank Pumping Association (ASTP). With an average depth of 1600 mm, the solids content is around 600 mm, resulting in a reduction in settling time of approximately 40%. According to the USDA, the following are examples of what amounts of sludge or scum indicate that the septic tank should be cleaned:
- Pump the septic tank when the entire depth of scum and sludge layers reaches one-third of the overall depth of the tank
- 1/3 of tank depth
- If there is less than three inches between the bottom of the scum layer and the bottom of the septic tank outlet baffle, pump the septic tank (the amount of clearance will vary depending on the length of your outlet baffle or tee)
- Less than three inches between scum layer and bottom of septic tank outlet baffle
- Pump the septic tank when the bottom of the outlet baffle is less than 6 inches from the top of the sludge layer found on the septic tank bottom
- Less than 6 inches from the top of the sludge layer found on the septic tank bottom
Keep an eye out for septic scum and sludge that has accumulated over an extended period of time. It is too late for people who wait until their septic system stops operating as a result of a blocked or over-full septic tank (which is packed with sludge and scum) to take action. As the thickness of the bottom sludge layer rises, and as the thickness of the top septic scum layer increases as well, the amount of effluent left in the tank (known as the “net free area” or “effective septic tank volume”) decreases.
Despite the fact that the drains in the building appear to be working properly, the septic tank effluent remains in a constant state of stirred-agitation in this situation.
It is detrimental to the future life of the septic tank and leach field to remove oil, scum, and tiny solid debris from them and deposit them in the leach field.
an instrument that may be used to measure both scum and sludge thickness using a single piece of equipment For deep or difficult-to-access septic tanks, as well as commercial septic tanks that may require close monitoring, seeELECTRIC MONITOR FOR SCUMSLUDGEand also take a look atOther Measures Scum / Sludge for further options.
Septic Tank Sewage Level Articles
- PROCEDURE FOR SEPTIC TANK INSPECTION
- LEVELS OF SEWAGE IN SEPTIC TANK INSPECTION
- The procedure for inspecting septic tanks
- The levels of waste in septic tanks.
. How to Measure Septic Sludge Layer (Continue Reading) Alternatively, choose a topic from the closely related articles listed below, or browse the entireARTICLE INDEX. Alternatives include TOOLS FOR MEASURING SCUMSLUDGE.
Suggested citation for this web page
SEPTIC SCUM LAYER MEASUREMENT AT INSPECTION An online encyclopedia of building environmental inspection, testing, diagnosis, repair, and issue preventive information is available at Apedia.com. Alternatively, have a look at this.
INDEX to RELATED ARTICLES:ARTICLE INDEX to SEPTIC SYSTEMS
Alternatives include asking a question or searching InspectApedia using the SEARCH BOXfound below.
Ask a Question or Search InspectApedia
We encourage you to use the search box just below, or if you prefer, you may make a question or remark in theCommentsbox below and we will get back to you as soon as possible. InspectApedia is a website that allows you to search for things. Please keep in mind that the publication of your remark below may be delayed if it contains an image, a web link, or text that seems to the program to be a web link. Your submission will appear when it has been reviewed by a moderator. We sincerely apologize for the inconvenience.
Technical ReviewersReferences
Citations can be shown or hidden by selecting Show or Hide Citations. InspectApedia.com is a publisher that provides references. Daniel Friedman is an American journalist and author.
Should You be Concerned if a Septic System has No Scum Layer?
Get articles, news, and videos about Onsite Systems delivered directly to your email! Now is the time to sign up. Plus, there are Onsite Systems. Receive Notifications Septic tanks allow gravity to separate materials from wastewater because heavier particles settle while fats, grease, and other lighter solids float, allowing heavier solids to be removed from the wastewater. Particles removal in a septic tank is often thought of as occurring predominantly through settling, although separation of suspended solids by flotation is also extremely significant in the tank’s operation.
- The presence of fats, oils, and grease in the wastewater helps to improve the flotation process because they congeal on the surfaces of tiny particles, making them more buoyant and floatable in the water.
- After six months or more of usage, septic tanks should have established three layers: a scum layer on the surface, a cleared effluent layer in the center that is free of big particles, and a sludge layer at the bottom of the tank.
- A scum layer should be present, albeit it may be a thin zone of an inch or less in thickness, or it may be a bigger coating depending on the methods used within the house or facility.
- 1.
- The effluent baffle’s aim is to ensure that the scum layer remains in the septic tank and should be replaced as soon as possible if it has been removed or has become inefficient.
- The design detention period for a septic tank should be lengthy enough to allow for appropriate suspended particles and oil/grease removal by sedimentation and flotation.
- Third, there should be little to no turbulence in the septic tank in order to allow settleable particles to build at the bottom and floatable solids to accumulate at the top.
4.
In little, typical doses, they should not be an issue, but when used excessively, additives such as powerful phosphate-based cleansers, fabric softeners, and degreasers can have an adverse effect on scum development and cause it to build more quickly.
In addition, greater water temperatures and higher water flow rates aid in the mechanical emulsification of lubricating oils.
The influence of the microbial community – A healthy microbial community is required for the septic tank to function correctly.
This covers any product found in a house that has the ability to destroy microorganisms.
Ideally, the pH level should be in the range of 6-8, which is close to the pH of tap water.
Low pH levels are caused by acidic substances such as cleansers or furnace condensate, whilst high pH values are generated by basic substances such as basic cleaners or other chemicals.
6.
This has been observed when regeneration water from water softeners enters septic tanks.
It may be possible to help by routing the recharge out of the system or by replacing outdated units that require much more salt.
When there is no scum layer, you should collaborate with the property owner to identify the potential causes of the problem and take steps to correct them in order to extend the life of downstream components.
She has presented at several local and national training events on topics such as the design, installation, and administration of septic systems, as well as research in the related field.
Email [email protected] with any questions on septic system design, installation, maintenance, and operation and Heger will respond as soon as possible!
How to Inspect Your Septic Tank – Septic Maxx
If you give your septic system the attention and care it deserves, it will survive a long time. It will endure for many years if you pump as regularly as you need to for the size of your tank, utilize it properly, and do not let anything that shouldn’t be in it to enter. Steel septic tanks corrode with time, generally after 15-20 years of service in most climates. Concrete septic tanks have a lifespan ranging from 40 years to nearly indefinitely. If you want to see your septic system live to a ripe old age and not have to worry about replacing it, it is in your best interests to do periodic septic maintenance.
Gather Materials
It is necessary to have the correct equipment in order to assess the state of your septic tank and determine whether it is necessary to have it pumped out. Aside from wearing loose-fitting clothes and rubber gloves and shoes, you’ll need a specific gadget known as a Sludge Judge to quantify the quantities of scum and sludge that are present in your tank. This instrument is basically a transparent plastic pipe that has been marked at one-foot intervals and divided into three pieces, each of which is five feet in length.
Sludge, effluent, and scum are the three types of waste that accumulate in a septic tank.
Scum is formed when fats, oils, cooking grease, and other lighter trash float to the surface of the water.
To check your tank, you must first assess how much sludge and scum is present within in order to evaluate whether or not it needs to be pumped.
Inspect the Area Around Your Septic Tank
Checking the ground around your septic tank is a good idea before opening the lid and pumping out the sewage. Check to see if there is any accumulation of effluent around the tank, and look over the septic tank lid to check whether it is in good shape.
Remove the Manhole Cover
Many septic systems these days are equipped with ” risers,” which make this task much easier by elevating the lids above earth. If you are unable to locate the lid of your septic tank, locate the tank and dig it up. There should be two lids, one for each compartment, in the box. In the majority of situations, the hole on the left corresponds to the first compartment, while the hole on the right corresponds to the second. In the first one, you simply need to take measurements, and that’s all.
Measure the Scum’s Thickness (SC)
To determine how thick the scum layer is in your tank, you’ll need to go for your trusty scum measuring stick, of course. Measure the distance between the stick and the opening of the septic tank, and then lower the stick until it lies on top of the scum layer and indicate the location of this intersection. As a further step, descend down through the whole scum layer with the elbow end leading directly into the scum layer. Rotate the stick 90 degrees and raise the stick as high as you can until you feel the bottom of the scum layer.
Mark the spot on the scum stick where it comes into contact with the bottom of the scum layer. Take the distance between the two markers and multiply it by two. This is the measurement of the thickness of the scum layer (SC).
Measure the Sludge’s Thickness (SL)
Take out your handy scum measuring stick and use it to determine how thick the scum layer is in your tank. Measure the distance between the stick and the opening of the septic tank, and then lower the stick until it lays on top of the scum layer and note the location with a pencil. As a next step, descend down through the whole scum layer and into the scum with the elbow end. Rotate the stick 90 degrees and raise the stick up until the bottom of the scum layer can be felt. When the scum stick meets the bottom of the scum layer, make a mark on it using a marker.
In this case, the scum layer is this thick (SC).
- SC plus SL equals inches
- WD inches divided by 3 equals inches
- If the sum of A and B equals the sum of A and B, pump your tank.
It is recommended that you engage a professional to examine your tank in order to get an accurate reading; but, if you are comfortable doing it yourself, you may save money by using this approach. Besides saving you money, Septic Maxx may also save you money by reducing the amount of accumulation in your tank and so extending the intervals between pumping.
What Are the Septic Tank Layers? – Septic Maxx
Millions of people in the United States still have septic tank systems linked to their residences. Do you understand how your septic system works, despite the fact that they are so common? Despite the fact that you may not be employed in the septic system sector, it is critical that you grasp the primary components of your septic system as well as its fundamental operations. Even a rudimentary grasp of how your wastewater system works may help you keep repairs to a minimum and extend the life of your wastewater system.
- Scum, sludge, and effluent are the three layers of wastewater that make up your septic tank: scum, sludge, and effluent.
- Spillage: Spillage is the solid material that accumulates at the bottom of your septic tank, forming an unsightly coating on top of the water.
- Anaerobic bacteria that grow at the bottom of your tank and feed off of the sludge layer can be found in the tank bottom.
- Scum is a term used to describe a collection of material found in a septic tank that are lighter than water.
- Most of the floating solid waste items float to the surface of the water, where aerobic bacteria begin to work, digesting the bulk of the floating solid waste materials.
- A large portion of the liquid in your septic tank is composed of this substance.
- In order for your septic system to work effectively, these layers must remain balanced and maintain an appropriate retention duration throughout time.
- In order for your tank to function effectively, it must have a minimum retention time of twenty-four hours.
- In most cases, clogged drainfields are the most prevalent reason for a sewage treatment system to fail.
- It is completely natural and has been particularly formulated to assist in replenishing the beneficial bacteria and protease in your tank in order to guarantee adequate drainage into your drainfields.
Please contact us soon at 800-397-2384 to take advantage of our free trial offer. We have a team of expert septic tank technicians available to assist you with any septic tank problems.
How to Measure Septic Tank Sludge Depth
What is the best way to determine when to pump your septic tank? In a previous piece, you learned that the only way to know for certain when to pump your septic tank is to take an actual measurement of the amount of accumulated sludge and scum in the tank. It is designed such that the septic tank should be pumped when the combined sludge and scum layer displaces 30% of the tank’s total volume. Using the above example, if the liquid depth of the tank is 48″, the tank should be pumped when the combined thickness of the sludge and scum layer measures 14 12″ (48″ X 0.30).
An example of this would be a long hollow plastic tube with a check valve at the bottom of it.
- The scum layer should be pushed through until it is almost broken through by the sludge judge. Mark on the tube in a visibly obvious manner the link between the top of the scum layer and the spot on it. Pulling the tube up and measuring the length of the tube are two options. In many cases, you may see part of the scum layer adhered to the tube to help you locate it
- This is normal.
The following are the measurements for the sludge layer:
- Slowly lower the tube into the septic tank until it comes into contact with the tank’s bottom
- And With each gradual pull of the gadget out of the water, the check valve shuts, allowing a liquid/solid profile of the septic tank water to be captured. It is possible to determine the thickness of the sludge layer
The collected sludge inside the tube measured around 8″ – 9″ in diameter, and there was no scum layer present in this specimen. The thickness of the scum layer would simply be added to the 8′ – 9″ measurement if there was one. In this particular instance, the scum/sludge layer combined displaces approximately 18 percent of the tank volume (8 12″/48″ in this case). Reviewing the pumping data suggest that this septic tank was last pumped 26 months ago. The septic tank should be pumped within 43 months of the last septic tank pump out, based on this date (0.18 / 26 months X 0.30 = 43 months) of the last pump out.
- Even if the cost of $75 for a sludge judge is beyond of reach for you, you may construct your own gadget that will do the same function.
- The length of the stick will vary depending on how deep your septic tank is buried.
- The idea here is to avoid wrapping it too tightly around the stick’s handle.
- Pay close attention to the link between the top of the scum layer and the placement on the sticking stick.
- The scum layer is often adhered to the stick to help you locate it, and this is a good way to identify the location.
- Continue to slide the stick back and forth in a plus (+) pattern for approximately 2″ in each direction to enable the solids to flow through the cheesecloth slowly and softly.
Measure the witness line of solids that are lodged into the cheesecloth to determine the amount of solids present. Measure the distance between the “wet” mark on the upper end of the stick and the bottom of the stick. Calculate the percent capacity in the same way as in the previous example.
Troubleshooting Septic Tanks
Receive articles, stories, and videos about septic tanks delivered directly to your email! Now is the time to sign up. Septic Tanks and More Receive Notifications It is necessary to open the tank when resolving onsite system problems or when doing an examination of a septic tank so that the contents can be inspected and the condition of both the inlet and outflow baffles can be checked. By just observing the contents of the tank and the baffles, it is possible to gain valuable insight into the overall operation of the system.
- In order to identify if the tank contains the three separate levels that should be present, the contents should be analyzed.
- If any of these layers are missing, the tank will not operate as efficiently as it should.
- The homeowner should be informed of the presence of a large amount of floating material that does not belong in the tank, as well as a large amount of undigested food, so that they may learn how to properly maintain their system and avoid introducing these materials into the wastewater.
- In the case of a large amount of undigested food, it might suggest that one of the members of the home suffers from an eating issue or that the garbage disposal is being used excessively; any talk with the owner should be done with caution.
- The scum layer should not be extremely thick, and it should not extend beyond or below the exit baffle at any point.
- A heavy layer of scum may suggest that the tank need cleaning, but it may also signal that there is a backup owing to an outlet or blockage in the drainfield that is causing water to back up into the tank.
- Users of the system may be able to adjust their behaviors or have the tank cleaned on a more frequent basis in this setting.
- The tank should be cleaned if the top of the sludge layer is closer than 12 inches to the bottom of the exit baffle, which indicates that the sludge layer is too thick.
- A result of this scenario is that sediments are supplied to the soil treatment area, which causes the effluent screen to get clogged with particles.
- Otherwise, it may be necessary to build a larger tank or an extra tank in series in order to alleviate the greater flow problem.
If you have any questions concerning septic system maintenance and operation, you can send them to him by email at [email protected].
This article is part of a series on troubleshooting septic tanks:
- Troubleshooting Problem Systems
- Troubleshooting Septic Tanks
- Tank Troubleshooting: Checking Inlet and Outlet Baffles
- Troubleshooting Septic Tanks Troubleshooting: Additional Items to Check in Septic Tanks That Are Having Problems
Wastewater and the Septic System
What is a septic tank, and how does it work? All waste from toilets, showers, sinks, and washing machines is sent to a septic tank, which is connected to a septic system for the remaining 20% of American houses and institutions that do not have sewer connections. In the first treatment of wastewater by capturing particles and settleable organic matter before dumping of the wastewater (effluent) to the drainfield, a septic tank is a large-volume, waterproof tank. Construction and operation of the septic tank are relatively straightforward; nonetheless, via the intricate interplay of physical and biological processes, the tank serves a variety of vital purposes.
- The following are the most important functions of a septic tank: Take care of all of the wastewater generated by the residence or institution.
- Reduce the amount of solids that have collected and allow them to decompose.
- This reasonably calm body of water allows the wastewater to be kept for a long enough period of time to allow the particles to separate through a combination of settling and flotation processes.
- Scum: Substances that are lighter in weight than water (oil, grease, and fats) float to the surface of the water and produce a scum layer.
- Aerobic bacteria are actively engaged in the digestion of floating particles.
- Because sludge is denser than water and fluid in nature, it settles to the bottom of the tank in a thin, flat layer.
- As the bacteria die, they decompose and become part of the sludge.
- It is the clear liquid that exists between the scum and the sludge layers.
- The floating scum layer on top of the tank and the sludge layer at the bottom of the tank each take up a specific proportion of the total volume of the tank’s total volume of water.
- As the wastewater rests in the tank, the active solids separation takes place, resulting in cleaner wastewater.
- In order for effective separation of solids to occur, the wastewater must be allowed to rest for an extended period of time in the tank’s quiescent conditions.
A relationship exists between effective volume and daily wastewater flow rate, and this relationship may be expressed as In this equation, retention time (days) equals effective volume (gallons) divided by flow rate (gallons per day) Sludge and scum storage require a minimum retention duration of at least 24 hours, during which half to two thirds of the tank capacity is consumed by sludge and scum storage, according to standard design rules for holding tanks.
- Please keep in mind that this is a bare minimum retention duration under the conditions of a large accumulation of solids in the tank.
- As sludge and scum collect and take up more space in the tank, the effective capacity of the tank steadily decreases, resulting in a shorter retention time.
- In addition to clogged pipes and gravel in the drainfield, which is one of the most prevalent reasons of septic system failure, pathogenic bacteria and dissolved organic pollutants can develop as a result of this practice.
- A common design rule is that one-half to two-thirds of the tank capacity should be set aside for sludge and scum collection, depending on the size of the tank.
- In practice, however, the pace of solids collection varies significantly from one situation to another, and the real storage duration can only be established by periodic septic tank inspections.
- While new solids are continuously being added to the scum and sludge layers, anaerobic bacteria (bacteria that do not require oxygen to survive) are consuming the organic material in the solids, allowing the process to continue.
- Anaerobic decomposition causes a gradual reduction in the amount of collected solids in the septic tank as a result of the process.
Compaction of the older, underlying sludge also contributes to the reduction in the volume of the sludge layer.
Using EnviroZyme’sConcentrated Grease Control 10XandSeptic Treatmentproducts can help prevent non-clarified wastewater from running through an outlet that does not have adequate effective volume and/or retention time.
This successfully minimizes the number of layers in a septic tank as well as the frequency with which it must be pumped out.
The results were interesting.
This was due to the fact that natural wastewater already contains bacteria, and these bacteria gradually regained dominance in the biomass.
(Click on image to expand) In addition, we measured the carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (cBOD) in the clear liquid component of each tank, which was approximately 10 inches below the surface of the liquid.
This implies that, once cleaned, the effluent from a septic tank will help to limit the quantity of dissolved organic pollutants that enters the surrounding environment.
(Click on image to expand) Are you interested in learning more about how our microbes can be of assistance? Fill out the customer service formhere or call 1-800-232-2847 to get in touch with a representative.
Maintaining a Septic Tank System
WASTE MANAGEMENTD-1, Home Waste Systems, published in June 1979, 15,000 copies available.
Abstract
If you already have a septic tank and absorption field built, there are various things you can do to extend their life and safeguard your investment, which could be as much as $2500 or more. Here are a few pointers that you can follow. The idea that septic tanks should be examined at least once a year is something that is frequently disregarded or neglected. The sludge that forms at the bottom of every well working septic tank is known as scum. It is necessary to clear this sludge on a regular basis since it is constituted of solid elements.
- By allowing sediments from the septic tank to wash out into the absorption field, the field will ultimately get clogged to the point where a new field will need to be installed.
- Tanks with a smaller capacity must be pumped more frequently.
- A number of additives may cause sediments to be drained from the septic tank into the absorption field, increasing the likelihood of clogging issues in the absorption field.
- The thickness of the sludge in your septic tank may be tested to assess whether or not your tank requires pumping, as depicted in Figure 1.
- Reduce the stick’s length by lowering it through the intake tee (to avoid scum) to the bottom of the tank.
- The amount of sludge present will be shown by the amount of black particles clinging to the towel.
- Septic tanks may occasionally generate a layer of floating scum that collects on the surface of the water.
A stick and hinged flap device can be used to determine the thickness of the scum layer (Figure 1).
Raise the stick until you can feel the bottom of the layer beneath your finger.
Use the same approach to find the lower end of the submerged input pipe at this point as well.
Septic tank pumping services are provided by contractors in the majority of towns.
The contractors pump the contents into a tank truck and dispose of them at a treatment facility that has been approved or by applying suitable land application techniques.
When pumping a septic tank, it is not advisable to wash, scrape, or disinfect the septic tank.
In a similar vein, it is not required to leave sediments in the septic tank in order to “restart” it. Normally, the natural processes begin as soon as the septic tank begins to fill. While there are products available to “seed” the system with desired bacteria, they are not required.
How Often Should A Septic Tank Be Pumped?
Rural residents frequently inquire as to how frequently they should have their septic tanks drained. Unfortunately, we are unable to provide them with a number or formula because everything is dependent. The frequency with which the tank must be pumped will be determined by the size of the tank and the amount of solids that are dumped into it. Tanks with greater capacity will require fewer pumpings in less time than tanks of lesser capacity. More significantly, if the amount of solids entering the system is kept to a minimum, the tank will have a longer interval between pumpings.
- Scum is formed at the top of the tank as a result of lighter material floating to the surface.
- When sludge and scum accumulate in the tank, the effective tank volume decreases.
- Furthermore, sediments might be transported to the drainfield, leading it to get clogged.
- Have the tank pumped by a Nebraska pumper who is licensed and insured.
- Under Title 124, rules set out by the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (NDEQ) limit the maximum amount of waste that can accumulate before pumping is necessary.
- If you have any questions, please contact us.
- As a result of gathering this information, your qualified professional will be better able to identify whether or not the level of sludge and scum in your tank has reached the point where pumping is necessary.
- How many years have elapsed since the first pumping took place?
- If the amount of wastewater generated varies, repeat the operation or alter the pumping frequency.
You may take steps to reduce the amount of sediments that enter your tank. First and foremost, avoid using a waste disposal or use it only rarely. According to studies, when a waste disposal is utilized, tanks must be pumped twice as often as when they are not. Other suggestions are as follows:
- Do not flush cigarettes, diapers, feminine hygiene products, paper toweling, facial tissue,or “wipes.” They may not break down readily and will contribute to the scum or sludge layers. Dispose of these items with other solid waste
- Do not put grease or oils down the drain. Grease and oils from cooking, frying, and skin lotions increase the scum layer in the septic tank
- Use liquid detergents instead of powdered detergents. Powdered detergents have “fillers”in them that add to the sludge layer
- Use toilet tissue that breaks down rapidly. Test by placing a tissue sample in a jar of water, covering the jar opening, and shaking vigorously. The toilet paper should fall apart rapidly when the jar is shaken
- Install a filter on the washing machine water discharge line to trap lint. Clean accordingto manufacturer’s directions
- Install an effluent filter at the outlet of the septic tank to help prevent solids from flowinginto the drainfield. Have it cleaned according to manufacturer’s directions
Everything You Need To Know About Your Septic System
Florida people rely on roughly 2.6 million septic systems to dispose of waste and wastewater on a daily basis, accounting for 30% of the state’s population. Homes and businesses in rural regions rely on these systems to dispose of garbage in an efficient and environmentally friendly manner.
What Are Septic Tanks Made From?
Septic tanks are a waterproof box composed of concrete, fiberglass, or polyethylene material that is used to dispose of sewage. In other words, there will be no debris, dirt, or water from the surrounding ground that may get into the tank. Septic tanks made of concrete and/or fiberglass are the most common types.
Common Styles Of Septic Tanks
ATUs treat and filter waste by separating it into three compartments: a garbage compartment, an aeration chamber, and a clarification compartment. An aerobic, or thoroughly oxygenated, environment is created in the effluent by forcing compressed air through it. Because the bacteria thrive in this environment, waste decomposes more quickly than it would in a conventional septic tank. This helps to limit the quantity of organic material that enters the soil and groundwater around the house.
Double Compartment
Most tanks built since 1976 feature two compartments for filtering effluent, sediments, and wastewater that enters the tank during the construction process. The first compartment, which is placed adjacent to the intake pipe, is often bigger than the second compartment, which is located further away. It is possible to see the liquid flowing from the first container into the second compartment. Before the effluent is discharged into the outflow pipe, any remaining sludge and scum separate from the liquid.
Pump Tank
The quantity of wastewater that flows from the septic tank is controlled by a pump tank. Pump tank level increases as effluent accumulates in the tank and eventually reaches the level set by a control float. As soon as the float is activated, the pump starts pumping effluent into the drain field in a predefined volume.
Holding Tank
In lieu of septic tanks, holding tanks can be used to collect and store waste. They are either above or below ground and require constant pumping to remove the contents of their holding tanks. The majority of holding tanks are equipped with an alarm that sounds when the tank is full.
Single Compartment
A single compartment tank was utilized in the majority of septic systems constructed before to 1976. These tanks could hold up to 1,000 gallons of liquid at a time. After entering the tank and separating into three levels, liquid waste is discharged into the septic drain field via the outflow line.
What Is FOG?
Fats, oils, and grease (also known as FOG) are frequent cooking byproducts that occur naturally in a wide variety of foods and other items. While FOG is viscous when it first enters the septic tank, it cools swiftly as it comes into contact with the wastewater in the tank. However, because of its viscosity, FOG coats and covers every surface it comes into contact with when it solidifies.
How A Septic Tank Works
Solids sink to the bottom of the tank’s intake pipe, while FOG rises to the surface of the wastewater and collects at the top of the tank’s intake pipe. In most cases, the tank is large enough to keep wastewater for an extended period of time, allowing effulent separation to take place. There are three levels within the tank as a result of this separation: a sludge layer on the bottom, a wastewater layer in the middle, and a scum layer on top. bacteria, enzymes, and other microorganisms often present in human waste begin to break down the sludge layer and break down the sludge layer further.
Upon entry into the septic tank and drain field, two baffles direct and filter the water. The intake baffle prevents the scum layer from obstructing the inflow pipe, while the outflow baffle keeps scum and particles in the tank until they are removed by the drain.
What Are Septic Tank Solids?
The majority of solids contained in a septic tank may be divided into three categories:
- Non-biodegradable organic solids include pet litter, plastics, and other items that do not decompose over time
- Biodegradable organic solids include vegetable scraps and other cellulosic compounds, as well as toilet paper
- And biodegradable organic solids include solid human feces.
Septic System Drain Fields
After leaving the septic tank, effluent goes into a drain field, which is a network of underground pipes and dirt that collects the waste. Other phrases that are commonly used include absorption field, leach field, and trench. The size of the space required is determined by the following factors:
- Soil type
- Seasonal variations in groundwater level
- Amount of water absorbed each day
- And soil percolation rate are all factors to consider.
The soil percolation rate is defined as the amount of water that the soil can absorb in one minute per inch of soil thickness. A significant consideration in determining the site of a septic drain field in Florida is the percolation rate, which is crucial because the state has a high water table.
How A Drain Field Works
An underground network of perforated pipes may be found in this location, which can be found in either several trenches or a gravel-lined soil bed. Drainage from the pipes filters through the gravel and dirt before entering the sewer system. Compaction of the soil has a significant impact on its function, which is why it is critical not to construct structures on it or drive or park vehicles of any size over it.
Why Is A Drain Field Important?
Natural filtration is provided for effluent, which is recycled back into the groundwater source. It is possible that biological and chemical pollutants may infiltrate the water and create health problems for anybody who consumed or came into touch with the water without this filtering system in place.
How To Find Your Septic TankSeptic Drain Field
The location of the septic system will be shown on the majority of property plans and surveys. Possibly handed to you after the sale of your house or company, these documents are also maintained on file at the county government office. The septic tank is often built along the sewage line that leads away from the house or other structure. When this line is many inches in diameter, it means that it is located at the lowest level of your home, such as a basement or crawl space. Stick a metal probe every two feet along the sewage line as it exits the house, following it all the way out to the street.
Locate the borders of the septic tank lid with the probe – typically tanks are 5 feet by 8 feet in size, so this may take some time.
As soon as you discover a discrepancy between the system location and previously prepared diagrams or maps, make sure to update these materials and retain a duplicate for your records.
The Septic Tank Pumping Process
In order to prepare for extraction, the floating scum layer is first broken up by alternately sucking out liquid from the tank and pumping it back in to break up the bottom solid layer. Pumping is accomplished through the two access ports, which are referred to as manholes. The tank should never be pumped through the inspection apertures on the baffle wall.
This can not only cause damage to the baffles, but it can also result in insufficient waste removal from the tank. Until the septic tank is completely depleted, industrial vacuums are used to remove waste from the tank and into our tanker truck.
How Often A Septic Tank Should Be Pumped?
In most cases, every three to five years is sufficient. However, depending on the size of your septic tank and the amount of sediments and wastewater you produce on a daily basis, you may need to contact a septic tank pumping firm such as Jones PlumbingSeptic Tank Service sooner rather than later.
What To Expect During A Septic Tank Pumping
Before starting the pumping process, it is necessary to measure the thickness of the scum and sludge. This information is important in determining the pace at which waste accumulates and in determining when the next pumping should be scheduled. The pumping process is monitored closely by our personnel, who are actively monitoring for any possible system problems, such as backflow from the outflow pipe. Backflow that is significant typically indicates a backup in the drainfield, whereas slight backflow indicates a weaker outflow line in most cases.
Septic Tank Cleaning
Before beginning pumping, it is necessary to measure the thickness of the scum and sludge. Using this information, you may determine the rate at which waste accumulates and get an idea of when the next pumping should be scheduled. We have our personnel actively searching for any potential system concerns, such as backflow from the outflow pipe, as they are pumping the water through it. In most cases, a significant amount of backflow indicates a blockage in the drainfield, whereas some leakage indicates a weaker outflow pipe Once the septic tank has been completely emptied, it is ready for cleaning, and the trash is transported to a state-approved disposal facility.
How Often Should A Septic Tank Be Cleaned?
With every septic tank pump out, there is a new beginning. Keep in mind that the frequency with which the tank is pumped is determined by the number of people who are using the system and the volume of wastewater created on a daily basis. You may work with an aseptic tank pumping firm, such as Jones PlumbingSeptic Tank Service, to establish a regular pumping and cleaning program for your tank.
How To Keep A Septic Tank In Good Condition Between Cleanings
The most effective strategy to ensure that your septic tank remains in good working order for many years is to be informed of what can and cannot be put into the system.
Don’t DisposeFlush Items At-Will
In order to degrade materials that enter the tank, a septic system relies on bacteria that are found in nature. Although it is a mutually beneficial connection, it is susceptible to being pushed out of balance depending on the materials that are disposed of. Fat, oil, and grease (FOG); chemicals, paints, fuels, and/or motor oils; disposable diapers, sanitary, and personal hygiene products; coffee grounds; egg and nut shells; and disposable diapers, sanitary, and personal hygiene products are all common household items that should never be flushed down the toilet.
Schedule Annual Inspections
Home and business owners may do an outside inspection of their septic system on their own. However, only a professional and skilled septic tank firm, such as Jones PlumbingSeptic Tank Service, should check the tank and its interior components. Because of the formation of toxic vapors and gases within the sewage treatment plant, it is dangerous to work near one without the proper safety equipment and training.
Look for areas of unusually tall grass, sewage odors or smells, and unexplained standing water as you walk around the area where the septic tank is situated. These symptoms are typically connected with septic systems that are in need of repair.
PumpClean The Tank As Necessary
Skipping regular septic tank services is a surefire way to end yourself in a situation that might have been avoided. Performing routine pumping and cleaning allows our personnel to check the overall health of the system and correct any issues that may arise before they become a major concern.
Keep Records Of Septic LocationService
It is essential to understand the location of the entire system in order to properly maintain it. Parking or driving vehicles over any part of the septic system should be avoided at all costs. The weight of vehicles can cause the system to collapse. When this occurs, the only option for repair is a complete replacement. It is also recommended by Jones PlumbingSeptic Tank Service that you preserve records of when the system was examined, pumped, and cleaned for your own records and in case you decide to sell your home in the future.
Conserve Water
The volume of water entering a septic system has a greater influence on the health of the system than the amount of solids created by the system. The greater the volume of water that flows through the drain field, the shorter the functional lifespan of the drain field and the overall system. An excessive amount of water flow impairs effective separation of particles inside the tank, increasing the likelihood of clogged intake and outflow pipes, which can result in sewage backups in the tank.
Septic Tank Repair In Gainesville, FL
Too much water in the septic tank increases the likelihood of sediments being transferred into the pipes, which might result in a clogged system.
Aggressive Tree Roots
Tree roots are well-known for generating problems with septic tanks and systems. Many species of tree roots are stronger than septic tanks, and they can cause leaks and other structural damage by cracking the pipes and tank.
Common Septic Tank Repairs
There are a variety of reasons why the pipes might fail, including compacted and/or moving soil. Once the pipes burst, they must be fixed as soon as possible to avoid significant drainage problems. When it comes to reaching and repairing the pipes, excavation of the area is frequently necessary.
Broken Baffles
The baffles of a septic tank are responsible for keeping sediments contained within the tank. Rust or contact with sulfuric acid are the most common causes of damage. It is quite beneficial to have an annual septic check performed in order to see if there are any difficulties with the baffles before a problem occurs.
How To Prevent A Septic Tank Failure
The fact is that septic systems are not foolproof and that they benefit immensely from routine maintenance and upkeep. The majority of failures may be avoided by paying attention to what goes into the plumbing and septic lines.
Only Flush Toilet Paper
As a rule, toilet paper degrades and disintegrates more quickly than other types of paper goods. Particularly problematic are paper towels and wet wipes, which are two of the most prevalent causes of septic tank clogging and premature tank cleanouts.
Never Pour FOG Down The Drain
FOG is extremely harmful to all plumbing systems, including the septic system. FOG, when it is in liquid form, readily flows into the septic tank and collects in the top scum layer of the tank.
This may not appear to be a problem, but the mixture has the potential to run into the drain field, where it might cause contamination concerns with groundwater and the surrounding soil if allowed to do so.
Regular Drain Cleaning
The numerous commercial drain cleaners available may temporarily unclog a clogged drain and associated plumbing, but they do so at the expense of the septic system’s ability to function properly. They include chemicals that swiftly eliminate the bacteria that are important for the decomposition of particles within the septic tank once they are applied. The layer of solids accumulates quickly — and needlessly — on the surface of the water. As an alternative, call a plumber to do expert drain cleaning.
How To Tell When You Need A New Septic System
A septic system may last anywhere from 20 to 40 years if it is maintained properly and repaired when needed on time. However, if you detect any of these frequent indicators of a failing septic system, it’s time to call Jones PlumbingSeptic Tank Service to have a new septic system installed in your home or commercial property. The following are common indicators that the present system should be replaced:
- Sinks and toilets that take a long time to drain
- Plumbing that is always backed up
- Sewage odors in the company, house, or yard
- Patchy mushy, swampy, or damp areas of the yard Gray water that has accumulated
- And grass that has grown more swiftly and is a darker shade of green
What To Know Before A Septic Tank Is Installed
In order to prevent the contamination of water sources and the creation of public health hazards that can result from incorrectly designed septic systems, the state of Florida and local municipalities have established rules and regulations to guide new septic system installations.
Required Applications, FeesPermits
The Environmental Health Service of the Florida Department of Health (FDOH) in Alachua County is responsible for issuing the necessary applications and permits. Before a permit may be issued, the house or business owner must submit a completed application, as well as a site plan, a building floor plan, and any applicable application costs to the local building department. A site evaluation is also necessary, which analyzes the overall condition of the land, as well as the soil type. Total fees are determined on the kind of septic system installed as well as the services provided by the county health division.
Minimum Tank Size
A minimum 900-gallon capacity is required for all septic tanks in Florida; however, this capacity requirement rises based on the size of the occupancy and whether the system is intended for residential or commercial usage. The specialists at Jones PlumbingSeptic Tank Service can assist you in determining the right tank size that complies with local and state specifications.
Landscaping Changes
Because septic systems are installed underground, it is probable that the existing landscaping will need to be removed and replaced. Our professionals, on the other hand, may propose that the new system be installed in a different place in order to minimize interference with plant and tree roots. The Florida Department of Health mandates that the following distances be respected in order to prevent groundwater pollution from septic systems:
- Because septic systems are installed underground, it is probable that the existing landscape will need to be removed and replaced with something else. Our professionals, on the other hand, may propose that the new system be installed in a separate place in order to minimize interference from plant and tree root systems. These distances must be respected, according to the Florida Department of Health, in order to avoid groundwater pollution from septic systems:
New Home ConstructionSeptic Systems
Construction of new dwellings in rural locations or in any area that is not served by a municipal sewer system necessitates the installation of septic systems. Any system installed as part of a new house building project will have to take into consideration the elements and laws outlined above.
In addition to establishing septic systems for countless new houses, Jones PlumbingSeptic Tank Service is happy to assist you through the application and permitting process, in addition to properly installing the system.